Mesothelioma Pleurodesis

Mesothelioma is cancer that originates from the linings that cover the vital organs. Pleural mesothelioma is mesothelioma infecting the layer surrounding the lungs. In the normal course, there is a certain amount of fluid in the space between the lining and the organ; in pleural mesothelioma and other cancers of a similar nature, the fluid increases greatly. This is called pleural effusion and it causes great discomfort to the patient as the fluid presses on the lungs which it houses. Pleurodesis is a palliative mesothelioma procedure; in other words, this is a method to provide relief to the patient without having any curative aspects to it.

A chest X-ray is used to reveal the presence of pleural effusion. The lungs are not able to expand to full capacity and the patient experiences shortness of breath. Chemical pleurodesis helps to relieve breathing problems. 

Procedure:

1. The fluid that has collected between the pleural layers is drained after administering an anesthetic to reduce sensation.
2. A wide needle connected to a catheter is inserted to collect the drained fluid in a collection bag.
3. A thoracoscope is used to examine the inside areas of the chest and to take tissue samples as needed.
4. A chemical irritant is introduced into the space through the thoracoscope; this is usually sterile talc powder or chemicals like Bleomycin, Tetracycline, and Doxycycline which cause inflammation and scarring.
5. As a result of the scarring, the two layers of the lining stick together and the space in which fluid can collect is eliminated.
6. The fluid being drained decreases to indicate that the pleurodesis procedure was successful.
7. A chest x-ray confirms this and the chest tube is removed.

In the post-operative phase of pleurodesis, mesothelioma patients report pain and fever and their management is  of primary concern. There may be soreness at the site where the chest tube was inserted, especially when taking a deep breath. Anti-inflammatory medications such as Ibuprofen interfere with the adhesion of the pleural layers and are best avoided.

The process of pleurodesis used in mesothelioma is very useful in alleviating symptoms in patients. It may be performed in the operation theater under general anesthesia or by the bedside under local anesthesia and a sedative. Not all patients of pleural mesothelioma are considered ideal candidates for it, however. A mesothelioma doctor would advice you on the likely benefits it may provide.