Mesothelioma Paracentesis

When fluid accumulates in the peritoneum or lining surrounding the abdominal cavity, it is removed by a medical procedure called Paracentesis. Draining of fluid from the body cavity is done using a needle to aspirate. When a similar procedure is performed in the chest cavity, it is termed mesothelioma thoracocentesis, and when the area of the pericardium or heart is concerned, the medical term for the process is called Pericardiocentesis.

As obvious from the explanation given above, Paracentesis is a palliative measure that aims to ease the buildup of tension in the patient’s body and improve the quality of life. It is not a curative procedure. In patients diagnosed with mesothelioma, ascites or collection of excess fluid in the abdominal cavity is common. It can create a number of related problems leading to malfunctioning of the bowels, kidneys, and other parts of the digestive system. It is therefore advisable to undergo Paracentesis. Although ascites associated with liver disease is rarely painful, ascites caused by malignant mesothelioma can be very painful.

A paracentesis is completed in four steps:

• Step 1: Ultrasound scan before starting the procedure is performed to mark the exact spot for the insertion of the needle. The doctor needs to know the distance from the skin to the fluid and how deep the needle has to be inserted before the fluid will flow into the syringe. Also, the distance to the midpoint of the collection site is also to be found out to take a decision on how deep he should thread the catheter.
• Step 2: The patient is informed of the risks, benefits and alternatives of the process and asked to empty the bladder before the procedure begins.
• Step 3: A catheter is inserted into the peritoneal cavity with a needle. The location of insertion is two fingers below the belly button. The area is sterilized and anesthetized locally. The needle is removed but the catheter stays till after the draining is completed.
• Step 4: The collected fluid is sent for testing to the lab. The results will determine the future course of action medically.

The dual purpose of easing the symptoms of the patient and obtaining a diagnostic medium for the pathologist’s analysis is achieved by this procedure. The results of the test help the mesothelioma doctor to take a confident, informed decision for the patient.

Apart from the discomfort felt, the procedure poses very few risks. Patients have complained of dizziness when large amounts of fluid are aspirated during mesothelioma paracentesis. To counter that, an IV drip to infuse necessary fluids into the blood stream may be put in place; this also helps to prevent blood pressure problems and shock.